Brazil’s Mining Dam Failure: a “Slow-Motion Environmental Catastrophe”

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24th November 2015

By Carolanne Wright

Contributing Writer for Wake Up World

Nine people are dead, with an additional 19 unaccounted, following two iron ore mining dams bursting in Brazil’s Minas Gerais region. The town of Bento Rodrigues was completely destroyed by the 60 million cubic meters of toxic mud — the equivalent of 25,000 Olympic sized swimming pools — as it makes its journey to the Atlantic ocean. The Guardian described the disaster as a “slow-motion environmental catastrophe”.

The water supply for hundreds of thousands of residents has also been devastated. The national water agency has issued a warning that the Rio Doce, otherwise known as “Sweet River,” is now contaminated with arsenic, zinc, copper and mercury, rendering the water unfit for human use. The once thriving ecosystem is now a wasteland for much of the aquatic life along the 500km length of the river, due to lack of oxygen and high temperatures. Families are advised to wash thoroughly and discard any clothing that came in contact with the mud.

“It is a tragedy of enormous proportions,” said Marilene Ramos, president of Ibama, the federal environmental agency. “We have thousands of hectares of protected areas destroyed and the total extinction of all the biodiversity along this stretch of the river.”

When the thick mud hardens, it will make farming arduous. And the entire watershed could change as the silt settles along the bottom of the river. Some of the elements found in the wastewater are not biodegradable and are exceptionally toxic to aquatic organisms. The compounds can raise pH levels as well, creating further environmental harm. This has raised many unanswered questions about the potential future impacts of the toxic wastewater not only on residents’ health, but also agriculture and the long-term ecology of the entire region.

“Many regions will never be the same,” said Klemens Laschesfki, professor of geosciences at the Federal University of Minas Gerais.

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An aerial view of the village of Bento Rodrigues.

The city of Bento Rodrigues suffered the most damage — over 600 people lost their homes, eleven people perished and 15 remain missing. The muddy red sludge from the mine has effected 635 municipalities.

President Dilma Rousseff compared the scale of damage to that of the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

Meanwhile, two more dams at the same mine are also at risk of bursting and are undergoing emergency repairs.

Mining operators should be subject to “exemplary punishment”:

“We are determined to hold responsible those who are responsible for this”, said President Rousseff. “Who is responsible? A private business, Samarco – a big business that has Vale and BHP Billiton as partners.”

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Wastewater floods nearby cities as it makes its way toward the ocean.

Brazil’s environmental regulator has imposed preliminary fines equivalent to US$94.4 million against the Samarco mining company, which is jointly owned by Vale and BHP Billiton, for violations including river pollution and damage to urban areas.

Sandra Cureau, Brazil’s deputy attorney-general, said the companies should be subject to “exemplary punishment” due to their carelessness in preventing the tragedy or having a disaster action plan. An alarm system was also lacking. The state environment prosecutor asserted: “This is no accident. It is a mistake in operation and negligence in the monitoring… Vale and BHP were completely careless in terms of prevention. There has been a total lack of concern with the victims.”

Moreover, the Brazilian organization Instituto Pristino expressed concerns back in 2013 about the integrity of the tailings dam and urged that renewal of the license be denied. Apparently, this appeal was disregarded.

Brazilian federal and state prosecutors have now announced plans to investigate whether criminal actions on the part of the mining operator contributed to this disaster, in addition to violations already found by the state.

A rescue worker trying to save a horse as at Bento Rodrigues.

Stocks Plummet, Along With Human Decency:

While the devastation continues to unfold, speculations about investor loss are heating up.

BHP reacted quickly to minimize damage, with chief executive Andrew Mackenzie making a site visit and offering sympathy to the workers and community members. The management of Samarco mine posted an “Announcement to Society” on its website, communicating its ongoing efforts of transparency. And Vale responded with the following statement from Murilo Ferreira, CEO and president:

“We would like to express our solidarity to all affected by this accident at Samarco’s tailings dams in the state of Minas Gerais. We will do everything in our power to offer all the necessary support to Samarco and the authorities at this sad time for employees, their family members and the neighboring communities.”

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Residents saving whatever supplies they can from their devastated homes. 

Regardless of extensive public relation efforts to safeguard the companies’ reputations, the stock market quickly reflected the implications of the disaster. BHP shares dropped considerably following the disaster in Brazil, and investors are facing their lowest returns from their BHP shares in years.

Fund manager, Roger Montgomery, runs the Montgomery Fund, and thinks the miner is a bad investment.

“The share price today is lower than where it was in 2007, lower than where it was in 2006, and on par with where it was in 2005,” Mr Montgomery said. “Isn’t that appalling, after ten years you’ve not achieved a return that is as good as probably what you could get in a bank,” he told PM [ABC News] in an interview. [Source]

What’s truly appalling is the focus on profit before humanity, wildlife and the environment.

The true casualties of this mine catastrophe are those residents who lost their homes, livelihood and well-being, along with countless animals that lost their lives, and the ecosystems that support them — not investors.

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Some of the elements in the wastewater are exceptionally toxic to aquatic organisms.

A Billion Dollar Disaster:

With preliminary analysis, Deutsche Bank estimates that it will cost more than $1-billion US to clean up the mine and the communities affected by the dam failure. If the mine reopens at all, it won’t happen until 2019.

Additionally, the loss of trust by workers and communities is another pressing issue. As noted by The Conversation, rebuilding trust will require an ethical and empathetic approach, one that demonstrates genuine concern for vulnerable people and the ecosystem — far surpassing the notion of profit and risk management.

“The question is whether multinational managers are capable of such leadership in times of disaster and can they translate this concern into business as usual. The future of the mining industry depends on such a shift in thinking.”

Brazilian Fukushima — A Rio Doce Disaster:

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About the author:

Carolanne Wright

I’m Carolanne — a writer, chef, traveler and enthusiastic advocate for sustainability, organics and joyful living. It’s good to have you here. If you would like to learn more, connect with me at Thrive-Living.net or visit Twitter.com/Thrive_Living.

 

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